Government of Russia
The Government of the Russian Federation (Russian: Прави́тельство Росси́йской Федера́ции) exercises executive power in the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation".[1]
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Overview
After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Russian Council of Ministers became the chief executive body. At times it consisted of as many as 65 state committees and up to 16 deputy prime ministers. After the 2004 reform, government duties were split between 17 ministries, 5 federal services and over 30 governmental agencies.
The prime minister is appointed by the president of the Russian Federation and confirmed by the State Duma. He or she succeeds to the presidency if the current president dies, is incapacitated or resigns. The current prime minister is Vladimir Putin.
The government issues its acts in the way of decisions (Постановления) and orders (Распоряжения). These must not contradict the constitution, constitutional laws, federal laws, and Presidential decrees, and are signed by the Prime Minister
Responsibilities
The government is the subject of the 6th chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the constitution, the government of the Russian Federation must:
- draft and submit the federal budget to the State Duma; ensure the implementation of the budget and report on its implementation to the State Duma;
- ensure the implementation of a uniform financial, credit and monetary policy in the Russian Federation ;
- ensure the implementation of a uniform state policy in the areas of culture, science, education, health protection, social security and ecology;
- manage federal property;
- adopt measures to ensure the country's defence, state security, and the implementation of the foreign policy of the Russian Federation;
- implement measures to ensure the rule of law, human rights and freedoms, the protection of property and public order, and crime control;
- exercise any other powers vested in it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and presidential decrees.[2]
History
The body was preceded by Government of the Soviet Union. Since the Russian Federation emerged in 1991, the government's structure has undergone several major changes. In the initial years, government bodies, primarily the different ministries, underwent massive reorganization as the old Soviet governing networks were adapted to the new state. Many reshuffles and renamings occurred.
On 28 November 1991 President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin signed presidential decree № 242 "On reorganization of the government bodies of the RSFSR" (Russian: "О реорганизации центральных органов государственного управления РСФСР").
In 28 July 2004 President Vladimir Putin signed the Presidential Decree (with later corrections) "On the structure of the federal executive bodies". This split some ministries, turned some ministerial offices into agencies and established some new services as government bodies. In total there were 17 ministries, 7 federal services and over 30 federal agencies.
The most recent change took place on 12 May 2008 when President Dmitry Medvedev signed presidential decree № 724. [3]
Structure
The current Russian government is made up of the prime minister, two first deputy prime ministers, seven deputy prime ministers and 17 ministers. In total there are 18 ministries (Aleksey Kudrin is both deputy prime minister and finance minister).[4]
Most ministries and federal services report directly to the prime minister, who then reports to the president. A small number of bodies responsible for security and foreign policy are, however, directly under the president's authority. Informally they are collectively referred to as the "presidential bloc."[5] This consists of the Interior Ministry, the Foreign Ministry, the Emergencies Ministry, the Defence Ministry, the Justice Ministry and seven federal agencies and services.[6]
Cabinet Members
Prime Minister and Deputies
- Vladimir Putin: Prime Minister
- Viktor Zubkov: First Deputy Prime Minister
- Igor Shuvalov: First Deputy Prime Minister
- Aleksey Kudrin: Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance
- Sergey Sobyanin: Deputy Prime Minister and Head of the Government Administration
- Alexander Zhukov: Deputy Prime Minister
- Sergey Ivanov: Deputy Prime Minister
- Igor Sechin: Deputy Prime Minister
- Dmitry Kozak: Deputy Prime Minister
Source: Russian Government web portal
Ministries
| Office | Head | Since |
|---|---|---|
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | Sergey Lavrov | 2004 |
| Ministry of Internal Affairs | Rashid Nurgaliyev | 2004 |
| Ministry of Defence | Anatoly Serdyukov | 2007 |
| Ministry of Emergency Situations | Sergey Shoigu | 1994 |
| Ministry of Justice | Alexandr Konovalov | 2008 |
| Ministry of Industry and Trade | Viktor Khristenko | 2004 |
| Ministry for Economic Development | Elvira Nabiullina | 2007 |
| Ministry for Regional Development | Viktor Basargin | 2008 |
| Ministry of Health and Social Affairs | Tatyana Golikova | 2007 |
| Ministry of Education and Science | Andrei Fursenko | 2004 |
| Ministry of Transport | Igor Levitin | 2007 |
| Ministry for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection | Yuri Trutnev | 2004 |
| Ministry of Energy | Sergei Shmatko | 2008 |
| Ministry of Culture | Aleksandr Avdeyev | 2008 |
| Ministry for Sport, Tourism and Youth | Vitaliy Mutko | 2008 |
| Ministry for Communication and Media | Igor Shchyogolev | 2008 |
| Ministry of Agriculture | Yelena Skrynnik | 2008 |
Source: Russian government web portal
References
- ↑ Russian Government web portal - Text of 1997 Federal Constitutional Law "On the Government of the Russian Federation" (in Russian)
- ↑ The Constitution of the Russian Federation: Chapter 6
- ↑ Text of presidential decree № 724 (in Russian) Russian presidential website
- ↑ Russian Government web portal (in Russian)
- ↑ Russian Presidential website
- ↑ Diagram of executive power structure on Russian government web portal (in Russian)
External links
- Official website of the Government of Russia
- Organigram of the federal executive bodies at government website (Russian)
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